Student accommodation provider Unipol and the Higher Education Policy Institute (HEPI) release a new report titled ‘Student accommodation costs across 10 cities in the UK: Cost pressures and their consequences in purpose-built student accommodation’ (PBSA).
The report strongly highlights that rents for student accommodation have increased by an average of 14.6% over the past two academic years, meaning they now use up nearly all the average maintenance loan. Because of this, the report includes policy recommendations, revisions to maintenance support for students and new affordable room options.
Providing an authoritative picture of student living, the report has been conducted in response to the rent rises and supply issues witnessed over the years. It includes data voluntarily submitted by both universities and the ten largest providers of PBSA operating across ten major regional university cities, who collectively manage over 125,000 beds in those cities. Cities covered include Bristol, Exeter, Glasgow, Leeds, Liverpool, Nottingham, Bournemouth, Cardiff, Portsmouth and Sheffield.
Classed as expensive capital cities, key student cities London and Edinburgh are deliberately excluded from the analysis, to give a more balanced view of rents outside of these markets.
In 2021/22, average annual rents stood at £6,520, and increased to £7,475 in 2023/24 across the ten key regional university cities. Across England, average annual rents now stand at £7,566 for the current academic year (2023/24).
“The student maintenance system is broken. Students and parents need urgent and practical solutions to delivering affordable accommodation. It is easy to pin the affordability issues on providers but they are under pressure to cover increasing build and running costs. Meanwhile, the planning system does not currently see the economic or political value in allowing more student accommodation schemes to be built, impacting the sector and students alike.”
Martin Blakey, Chief Executive, Unipol
The average maintenance loan received by English students this current academic year is officially expected to be £7,590, versus the average rent in England of £7,566, meaning rents swallow up nearly 100% of the average loan and leave a mere £24 for other living essentials – equating to 50p a week.
The average rent also equates to over three quarters (76%) of the maximum maintenance loan. The highest rents and increases are in the most undersupplied cities. The survey suggests Bristol has the UK’s highest average annual rent at £9,200 per year, with Exeter at £8,559 and Glasgow at £7,548. Glasgow saw the highest rental growth at 20.4% over the past two years, followed by 16.1% in Exeter and 15.5% in Nottingham.
Other notable rises were seen in Leeds (14.7% rise to £7,627) and Bournemouth (11.2% rise to £7,396). Meanwhile, Liverpool, Cardiff and Sheffield are deemed the most affordable, with lower annual rents of £6,400-£6,600 and smaller annual increases. The reason for the more moderate increases is due to the healthier supply levels across these markets.
“Student housing has reached a crisis point in affordability, underpinned by these alarming figures. Rents are rising rapidly just as real-terms government support has stagnated. With rents consuming unhealthy levels of an average maintenance loan, students are being forced to take desperate measures – illegally doubling up in rooms, taking on increasing amounts of paid work or even avoiding university altogether due to costs. Failing to address the student housing crisis risks undermining decades of progress in widening participation in higher education. We risk excluding those from poorer backgrounds, forcing middle-income students to take on unsustainable debts, and damaging the student experience for all.”
Victoria Tolmie-Loverseed, Assistant Chief Executive, Unipol
In the report, Unipol and HEPI asks 34 leading student accommodation providers (including universities and private operators) a series of questions, looking at key market drivers and the issues they face. Rising costs of energy, construction, staff and borrowing are the biggest drivers impacting them.
High development costs along with barriers to gaining planning permission are hindering the ability of providers to build more and relieve supply pressures, with only 30,000 total new beds brought to the market in the past two years. The new rooms that do get built are more expensive, so that providers can recoup the development costs.
Therefore, the pipeline of new accommodation is being slowed by historically high interest rates which are driving up funding costs. Rent levels in existing buildings have also been increasing because of overall rising running costs.
The new report warns the Renters (Reform) Bill could push more landlords to exit the student market for shared houses (such as HMOs) – causing it to shrink further and ultimately putting university-owned accommodation and the PBSA sector under more strain.
“The Accommodation Costs Survey has been tracking the real costs of student housing for decades. Compared to years gone by, we are now in a crisis. Across most of the UK, the official levels of maintenance support simply do not cover anything like most students’ actual living costs.
“In the short term, maintenance support should be increased at least in line with inflation. In the medium term, Ministers should rebase maintenance support using the evidence they’ve gathered as part of the Student Income and Expenditure Survey, which is due to be published soon. For the longer term, we need measures to encourage the supply of new student housing, which is currently restricted by factors such as higher interest rates and confusion over new regulation.”
Nick Hillman, Director, HEPI
The report sets out a number of policy recommendations for the Government, universities and providers to consider:
1. Major reform of the student maintenance system
The student maintenance system needs resetting if access to higher education is to be maintained evenly across both financially well-off and not so financially well-off students.
The maintenance loan should be redesignated as a ‘contribution to living costs’, and the importance of the parental contribution should be highlighted rather than just mentioned in passing.
In the future, maintenance support needs to be based on how much it actually costs to be a student living independently and away from home, utilising data to make an informed approach rather than parental income.
2. Financial support and introduction of affordable room options
Private providers deliver more expensive room types largely because they need to cover growing build costs.
A recent report from Cushman & Wakefield estimated that rent levels needed to be towards £170 a week for a room in a cluster flat, simply to cover the cost.
More affordable options are needed, such as refurbishment of older accommodation or regulated double occupancy, but private providers are unlikely to take on the risk without support and partnerships with universities and the broader sector.
Accommodation bursaries and hardship funds could also be used in markets where there is a lack of affordable options.
3. Facilitating more supply
Universities and private providers need to have an active dialogue with planners in local councils to understand their needs, and the value of building more student accommodation and PBSA.
Many planners realise the need for affordable student accommodation, but then look for improved space standards, higher-specification design and lower density – all of which increase cost.
